One of the most debated elements of the reforms is the introduction of offshore “return centres”, which would allow rejected asylum applicants to be transferred to countries outside the EU while awaiting deportation or further processing.

European officials say the measures are designed to strengthen border controls, speed up asylum decisions and create a more unified migration system across member states.

The reforms come after years of political pressure within Europe over irregular migration, border security and the growing strain placed on housing, public services and asylum systems in several countries.

Supporters of the package argue the changes could help reduce dangerous migration routes and weaken people-smuggling networks by creating faster and more coordinated procedures.

The new framework also includes proposals aimed at accelerating deportations for unsuccessful asylum applicants and increasing cooperation agreements with non-EU countries.

However, human rights organisations and some political groups have expressed concern about the use of offshore return hubs, warning that responsibility for asylum processing could increasingly shift beyond European borders.

Migration policy has become one of the most politically sensitive issues within the EU in recent years, with several governments calling for tougher enforcement measures and stricter controls on arrivals.

Although the reforms have now received political approval, implementation will depend on agreements between member states and negotiations with third countries willing to participate in the system.