The discussion was moderated by Dr Magda Cordeiro (OM 65511), Coordinator of the Oncology Department at Grupo HPA Saúde, and featured Dr Miguel Rodrigues (OM 41927), Urologist, and Dr André Oliveira (OM 48699), Medical Oncologist, in a conversation about a disease whose incidence continues to rise, particularly in ageing populations and in individuals with prolonged exposure to risk factors.

Dr Miguel Rodrigues highlighted smoking as the main risk factor for bladder cancer and stressed that the presence of blood in the urine is a warning sign that requires immediate medical assessment. He explained that diagnosis relies primarily on cystoscopy, which allows the identification of lesions and the distinction between superficial and invasive disease. He noted that when detected early, treatment is generally effective, involving endoscopic resection and intravesical therapies. In invasive cases, bladder removal may be necessary, now benefiting from minimally invasive and robotic techniques. In selected situations, bladder‑preserving strategies combining limited surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be considered.

Dr André Oliveira brought the perspective of medical oncology to the discussion. He clearly explained how these treatments work, stimulating the immune system to recognise and attack tumour cells. He emphasised that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is being intensively studied and may redefine pre‑operative treatment in the coming years.

For both specialists, prevention and early diagnosis remain the most powerful tools. Avoiding tobacco, recognising warning signs and seeking timely medical evaluation can make a significant difference.

The episode is now available on YouTube and Spotify. Don’t miss this conversation about one of the most common urological cancers and learn how science is transforming its treatment.