The analysis involved 57,793 participants across 24 countries and found that socially active older adults performed better on cognitive tests. Benefits increased with participation in multiple activities, particularly volunteering and membership in sports clubs.

Researchers analysed five long-term studies from the United States, England, China, Mexico and Europe, with a median follow-up period of six years.

The benefits were particularly pronounced among women, people aged 60 and older, and rural residents. However, researchers acknowledged limitations, including self-reported data and the possibility that people with better cognitive health were already more socially active.

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